Hi jgnat, I happen to recently read regarding retribution with is aggregated to subjective moral values, there isn't really that much reading material even among philosophers, I read The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris and The Righteous mind by Jonathan Haith.
Religion likes to impose a static form of morals even though they have been overwritten by the New Testament, but regarding the scientific community it all boils down to the old philosophical argument - nature or nurture, that is is it old traits we evolved from? (like fight or flight tendencies when we were cavemen and cavewomen) or is it in relation to our upbringing due to our religions, secular or atheist parents?
If you start to compare us to other animals expects correlations, tribalism, sexual gratification and the need for new life, yet we are social animals and conscience of our own limitations.